Lesson 8

Introduction

If for one reason or another, we cannot employ direct experiences as materials for instruction, let us make use of an “edited” version of direct experience the contrived experiences.

Abstraction

The model of the atom , the globe, the planetarium the simulated election process and the preserved specimen fall under contrived experiences, the second band of experiences in Dale’s cone of experience

Contrived experiences – these are “edited” copies of reality and are used as substitutes for real things when it is not practical or do the real thing in the classroom. These are designed to stimulate to real-life situation.

These include:

Model – is a reproduction of a real thing in a small scale, or large scale or exact size. It is a substitute for a real thing which may or may not be operational.

Mock-up – is an arrangement of real device or associated devices, displayed in such a way that representation of reality is created.

Specimen – is any individual or item

Considered  typical of a group, class

Or whole.

Objects- may also include artifacts

Displayed in a museum or objects

Displayed in exhibits or preserved

Insect’s specimen in science.

Simulation - is a representation of

Manageable real event in which the

Learner is active participants

Engaged in learning a behavior in or

In applying previously acquired skills

Or knowledge.

Seem to be more easily applied to    study of issues rather than to process.

Games- played to win

-        Are used of  any of these purposes:

To practice and/or to refine knowledge/skills already acquire

To identify gaps or weaknesses in knowledge or skills

To serve as a summation or review

To develop new relationships among concepts and principles

              

To serve as a summation or review

To develop new relationships among concepts and principles

Why do we make use of contrived experiences?

We use models, mock-ups, specimen and objects to :

               Overcome limitation of space and time.

                    

             To edit “reality” for us to be able to focus on parts or a process of a system that we intend to study.

   To overcome difficulties of size  To

   understand the inaccessible    Help the    learners understand abstractions.