Maximizing
the Use of the Overhead Projector and the Chalkboard
Abstraction
The
chalkboard
Except
in extremely deprived classrooms, every classroom has a chalkboard. In fact, a
school may have no computer, radio, TV, et, but it will always have a chalkboard.
So why not make optimum use of what we have. The chalkboard? The following
practices of dedicated professional teachers may help us in the effective use
of the chalkboard:
1.)
Write clearly and legibly on the board.
Take note that there are children in the last rows.
2.)
It helps if you have a hard copy or your
chalkboard diagram or outline.
3.)
Don’t crowd your notes on the board.
4.)
Make use of colored chalk to highlight
key points.
5.)
Do not turn your back to your class
while you write on the chalkboard.
6.)
For the sake of order and clarity, start
to write from the left side of the board going right.
7.)
If you teach the grades and you think
the lines on the chalkboard are needed for writing exercise, then provide the
lines for your board.
8.)
Look at your board work from all corners
of the room to test if pupils from all sides of the room can read your board
work.
9.)
If there is glare on the chalkboard at
certain times of the day, a curtain on the window may solve the problem.
10.)
If you need to replace your chalkboard
or if you are having a new classroom with new chalkboard a little concave from
left to right to avoid glare for the pupils’ benefit.
11.)
If you need to have a board work in
advance or that need to be saved for tomorrow.
12.)
Make full use of the chalkboards.
The
overhead projector (OHP)
There
are other kinds of projectors like opaque projector and slide projector. The
overhead projector seems more available in schools. It have a lot of
advantages. Brown (1969) cites the following:
·
The projector itself is simple to operate.
·
The overhead projector is used in the
front of the room by the instructor.
·
Facing his class and observing student
reactions, the instructor can guide his audience.
·
The projected image behind the
instructor exactly as students see it on the screen.
·
The stage (projection surface) of the
projector is large (10 by 10 inches).
·
It is especially easy for teachers and
students to create their own materials for use in the overhead projector.
·
There is an increasing number of
high-quality commercial transparencies.
·
Overhead projection techniques-
·
Among the outstanding attributes of
overhead projection are the many techniques that can be used to direct
attention to a detail.
·
You can show pictures and diagrams,
using a pointer on the transparency to direct attention to a detail.
·
You can use a felt pen or wax-based
pencil to add details or to make points on the transparency during projection.
·
You can superimpose additional
transparency sheets as overlays on a base transparency so as to separate
processes and complex ideas into elements and present them in step-by-step
order.
·
You can show three-dimensional objects
from the stage of the projector.
·
You can move overlays back and forth
across the base in order to rearrange elements of diagrams or problems.
·
For special purposes you can simulate
motion on parts of a transparency by using the effects of polarized light.
·
You can simultaneously project on an
adjacent screen other visual materials.
·
Stand off to one side of the OHP while
you face the students.
·
Don’t talk to the screen.
·
Place the OHP on a table low enough so
that it does not block you or the screen.
·
Have the top of the screen titled
forward towards the OHP to prevent the “ keystone effect”.
·
Avoid the mistake of including too much
detail on each image.
·
Avoid large tables of figures.
·
Don’t read the text on your slide.
·
Avoid too much text.
·
Your presentation must be readable from
afar.
·
We can learn from the experiences from
others. Brown (1969) enumerates effective practices. Let’s learn from them.
·
In primary grades, simple objects like
keys, leaves, and cutout paper shapes can be placed directly on the projector.
·
In English composition lessons, student
themes or writing exercises can be reproduced on film by means of the heat or
photocopy process.
·
In arithmetic, blank sheets of acetate
and grease pencils can be given to selected students.
·
In geometry and trigonometry, two-and
three-dimensional diagrams can be built up.
·
In physical education and team raining,
plays and game procedures may be analyzed.
·
In social studies, all types of maps can
be enlarged after accurate but easy preparation.
In many classes,
testing and evaluation materials previously can be achieved by (1) placing a
sheet of paper over the transparency and moving it down to expose succeeding
lines of type, (2) attaching strips of opaque paper to the sides of the mask in
order to cover portions of the transparency image.
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